The common eligibility checklist
| Requirement | What programs usually look for |
|---|---|
| Household income | At or below a limit set by county and household size, often tied to area median income |
| Purchase price | At or below the program's price limit for the area |
| Credit score | A minimum score set by the program and the first-mortgage type; many programs fall in the 620–660 range |
| Debt-to-income ratio | A maximum ratio, often in the mid-40s to 50% range depending on the loan |
| First-time buyer status | Often required — typically no ownership of a primary residence in the past three years |
| Occupancy | The home must be your primary residence |
| Homebuyer education | Completion of an approved course before closing |
| Participating lender | Your mortgage must come from a lender approved for the program |
Requirements vary by program and change over time. Your lender will check current guidelines.
Who counts as a first-time homebuyer?
Most programs use the federal definition: you haven't owned a primary residence in the last three years. That means many people who owned a home years ago qualify again. Some programs make exceptions for veterans or for homes in certain targeted areas, and some programs don't require first-time buyer status at all.
Income and purchase price limits
Income limits are usually based on your county's area median income and your household size, and they're often higher than people expect — especially in higher-cost areas. Programs also cap the purchase price. Read how DPA income limits work.
Credit and debt
Your credit score and debt-to-income ratio matter for both the first mortgage and the assistance. Paying down credit card balances, correcting report errors, and avoiding new debt before you apply can improve your options.
Homebuyer education
Many programs require an approved homebuyer education course — often available online and completed in a few hours. Take it early; the certificate is usually needed before closing.
How to get started
- Talk to a participating lenderThey'll check which programs fit your income, location, and credit.
- Gather documentsPay stubs, W-2s or tax returns, bank statements, and ID.
- Get pre-approvedYour pre-approval should reflect the assistance you're using.
- Complete homebuyer educationFinish the course while you shop.